Worldwide, most new HIV acquisitions occur through sex. Women are particularly at risk of acquiring HIV through heterosexual sex. Sharing needles, syringes, or other injection drug equipment with someone who has HIV. Perinatal transmission , which refers to HIV transmission from mother to child during pregnancy, labor and delivery, or breastfeeding. Additionally, in areas of the world where infant formula and safe water are available, women with HIV are recommended to avoid breastfeeding their children.
People who are high are more likely to engage in risky sex without a condom 2. This puts a person at greater chance of being exposed to HIV. HIV can be passed from mother to child during pregnancy, delivery, or through breastfeeding.
However there are treatment options to prevent this from happening. If pregnancy occurs and there has been potential HIV exposure, ask a healthcare provider about getting tested for HIV as early as possible. Even if a person is taking ART and their viral loads are undetectable, they should still not breastfeed. If someone has HIV, this does not mean that they are restricted to celibacy. Many people with HIV still continue to have safe, enjoyable sex lives without spreading the virus. Always using a condom or barrier method is an important first step to prevent the sharing of HIV containing fluids.
Viral loads can be lowered using medications called antiretroviral therapy ART. These medications can lower the HIV viral load so much that HIV may not even be detectable on a blood test—this is called an undetectable viral load 4.
When a person's viral load in undetectable, they have effectively no risk of transmitting the HIV virus to a non-infected partner 4. Taking these medication will help keep a person with HIV healthy while also helping prevent the spread of HIV to another person.
This is not a cure, however. If medication is taken incorrectly or stopped, HIV viral loads will increase again and transmission can occur. Condoms and other barrier methods should still always be used during sex 4. If you have HIV and have an undetectable viral load, you should still tell your partner before having sex.
These medications need to be started within 72 hours of exposure and taken for about a month 4. This is because STIs cause inflammation to the genital area, drawing in more immune cells to the area, which are the target for HIV 2. Water-based lubes and silicone-based lubes are both safe to use with female and male condoms. However, oil-based lubes or any other oil products like petroleum jelly or mineral oil should not be used with latex condoms, as they can dissolve the latex of the condom and may cause latex condoms to break 4.
Penile circumcision is the surgical removal of the foreskin from a penis. This is a common procedure, which is often performed as an elective choice on babies for cultural or religious reasons. Sometimes circumcisions are performed to treat medical conditions, and recently circumcision has been advocated for disease prevention.
There is a link between circumcision and rates of HIV contraction. People with circumcised penises are less likely to contract HIV from an HIV positive person during penis-vagina sex 1,4. Being circumsized does not eliminate the chance of contracting HIV; it only decreases it—so condoms should still always be used. HIV is not the death sentence it used to be.
But there is still a long way to go, with the World Health Organization predicting that there are close to 37 million people in the world living with HIV 1. Download Clue to track protected and unprotected sex.
Are vaginal fluids really all that different? In this article, we explain how to identify vaginal discharge, arousal fluid, and cervical fluid. Science is evolving each day on how coronavirus affects pregnancy, lactation, and postpartum. When you subscribe to Clue Plus, you don't only get new features: you also fund important research, support data privacy, HIV is not spread through saliva. Eating food that has been pre-chewed by a person with HIV. The only known cases are among infants.
There are other ways to prevent getting or transmitting HIV through injection drug use and sexual activity. Was this page helpful? Yes No Next I found this page helpful because the content on the page: check all that apply Had the information I needed Was trustworthy Was up-to-date Was written clearly Other: Next I did not find this page helpful because the content on the page: check all that apply Had too little information Had too much information Was confusing Was out-of-date Other: Next What can we do to improve this page?
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